Vitamin D Deficiency in Acute Myocardial Infarction and its Association with Diabetes

Abstract

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is a global public health problem. Vitamin D deficiency is linked to a number of non skeletal major chronic diseases like cardiovascular disease.Objectives: To determine the frequency of vitamin D deficiency in patients presenting with ST segment elevated myocardial infarction. Methods: During the study period, 150 patients fulfilling the selection criteria of ST segment elevation Myocardial infarction were included in this study. A blood sample for 25-hydroxyl vitamin D level was drawn for each patient. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as less than or equal to 20g/dl. Vitamin D deficiency was stratified with demographics such as age, gender, and Comorbids such as smoking and Diabetes. Results: The mean age of the patients was 51.6±6.7 years. There were 80 (53.3%) male and 70 (46.7%) female patients. There were 52 (34.7%) smokers and 55 (36.7%) patients had diabetes mellitus as Comorbids. The mean serum vitamin D level was 23.46±0.82 ng/ml. Sixty-four patients (49.3%) had vitamin D deficiency with levels below 20ngml, while another 46(30.6%) had insufficient Vitamin D levels in ranges of 21-30ng/ml. There was no association of age, gender, smoking or Diabetes history with vitamin D deficiency (p value >90.05 for all these variables). Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is present in over half of patients with ST elevated Myocardial infarction. Only 20% of patients with acute myocardial infarction had normal vitamin D values, with remaining having insufficient levels. The deficiency was not associated with gender, age, or comorbidity such as smoking or Diabetes.