Common Hyperglycemia Susceptibility Loci in Metabolic Syndrome Patients from Karachi, Pakistan: A Cross Sectional Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v30i3.5568Keywords:
Metabolic Syndrome, , Single Nucleotide Polymorphism, TNF,, ADIPONECTIN, MCR4, Obesity, Diabetes, GeneAbstract
Background: More than 75 genetic susceptibility loci have been implicated with hyperglycemia. SNPs in genes linked with satiety, insulin sensitivity, BMR (Adiponectin, FTO, and MC4R), and inflammation and autoimmunity (TNF-a) have been shown to have a relationship with metabolic syndrome.
Objectives: To measure the frequency of ADIPOQ, FTO, MCR4, and TNF SNPs in metabolic syndrome patients and controls, and to assess the association of these with hyperglycemia and adiposity status.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Baseline investigations including lipid profiles, blood glucose levels, and BMI calculation were conducted for n=113 Metabolic Syndrome and n=47 healthy controls. Tetra ARMS PCR and gel electrophoresis were conducted for Adiponectin rs266729, Adiponectin rs1501299, FTO rs9939609, MCR4 rs1297013, and TNF rs1800629. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.
Results: Difference was observed in lipid profiles (including LDL, triglycerides, and cholesterol but not HDL), body fat percentage (p= 0.034), and both fasting (p=0.000) and random (p=0.000) blood glucose levels among metabolic syndrome patients versus controls. Adiponectin rs1501299, FTO rs9939609, and MCR4 rs1297013 showed genotype frequency differences between groups. Spearman’s correlation was applied to test any association of risk allele with study variables and MCR4 rs1297013 showed an independent association with Fasting Blood Glucose Level (r=0.238; p=0.024) irrespective of age, weight, or gender.
Conclusion: MCR4 rs1297013 polymorphism is an independent risk factor leading to hyperglycemia in the study population, however, no other SNPs were identified to carry a significant risk. Large-scale genome-wide studies are required to identify the unique set of risk genes for the Pakistani population
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