@article{Afzal_Amin_Ahmad_Amer_Shoaib_Ibrahim_Tayyab_Hassan_Javaid_Rehman_et al._2014, title={PSYCHOSOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS}, volume={19}, url={https://annalskemu.org/journal/index.php/annals/article/view/533}, DOI={10.21649/akemu.v19i4.533}, abstractNote={<p><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Diabetes Mellitus type 2 , formerly  non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus  (NIDDM) or adult-onset diabetes, is a <a title="Metabolic disorder" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolic_disorder">metabolic disorder</a> that is characterized by high blood<br /><p>glucose in the context of <a title="Insulin resistance" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin_resistance">insulin resistance</a> and relative <a title="Insulin" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin">insulin</a> deficiency<sup>1</sup>. The development of Diabetes Mellitus type 2 is associated with multiple risk factors, co-morbid medical conditions as well as psychosocial determinants. These psychosocial factors, which differ from population to population, can be identified and controlled to reduce the incidence of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.</p> <p><strong>Objective</strong>: To identify various psychosocial factors associated with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.</p> <h1><p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Design: </span></strong><span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-weight: normal;">Case-control study.</span><strong><span style="font-size: 1pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /> </span></strong><span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Place & Duration:<span style="font-weight: normal;"> Diabetic clinic and Medical Units Mayo Hospital Lahore . July to December, 2012.</span></span><strong><span style="font-size: 1pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"></span></strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span><strong style="font-size: 10px;">Subjects & Methods:</strong><span style="font-size: 10px;"> <span style="font-weight: normal;">A population based case-control study with 1:1 case to control ratio was conducted. A total of 100 subjects (50 cases and 50 controls) having age above 35 years were recruited in the study. Selection was made on laid down criteria from patients coming to Mayo Hospital Lahore after taking consent. Interviews were conducted through a pretested questionnaire. Data was collected, compiled and analyzed through IBM SPSS version 20.</span></span></p></h1> <strong>Results:</strong> Out of 100 study subjects 67% were males and 33% were females. Among cases of Diabetes mellitus type 2, 64% were males, 70% in the age group 35-50 years, 96% were married, 36% were illiterates. Mean age was found 49.24, standard deviation 10.915. In bivariate analysis, Diabetes Mellitus type II was found significantly associated with Anxiety(OR: 5.348, 95% CI: 2.151-13.298) Depression(OR: 5.063, 95% CI: 1.703-15.050), High fat diet, (OR: 2.471, 95% CI: 1.100-5.547)  Sedentary Lifestyle(OR: 4.529, 95% CI: 1.952-10.508)  and Psychological Stress(OR:4.529, 95% CI: 1.952-10.508).However, in multivariate analysis while controlling all other risk factors, Anxiety(OR: 6.066, 95% CI: 1.918-19.191), High fat diet(OR: 3.648, 95% CI: 1.265-10.522), Overeating(OR: 3.196, 95% CI: 1.127-9.064)  and Psychological Stress(OR: 3.071, 95% CI: 1.151-8.188)  were found significant. <p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The type 2 Diabetes Mellitus was significantly associated with Anxiety, High fat diet intake, Overeating and Psychological stress.</p> <strong>Keywords: </strong>Psychosocial, determinants, type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, anxiety, psychological stress, high fat diet, overeating. }, number={4}, journal={Annals of King Edward Medical University}, author={Afzal, Saira and Amin, Muhammad Kashif and Ahmad, Iqra and Amer, Hira and Shoaib, Hurmah and Ibrahim, Haroon and Tayyab, Muhammad and Hassan, Masood Ul and Javaid, Muhammad Aamir and Rehman, Muhammad Abdur and et al.}, year={2014}, month={May}, pages={311} }