Incidence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) Causing Nosocomial Infection in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Abstract

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) causing nosocomial infection is the most common pathogen emerging rapidly in Hospitals causing boils, pustules, impetigo, osteomyelitis and occasionally shock syndrome. Colonization with MRSA in health workers in more likely to cause infections and results in higher morbidity and mortality. Respiratory tract, open wounds and intravenous devices are potential sites for infection in admitted patients. 1^st MRSA was reported in 1961 in United Kingdom and from USA in 1968. Now MRSA accounts for 40 - 70% of infections in ICUs. In this study, 265 MRSA samples were collected from different departments of tertiary care hospital according to NCCL protocol using control strains ATCC 29213 (oxacillin susceptible) and S. aureus ATCC 43300 (oxacillin resistant). Relative predominance was observed in Males 155 (58.5%). Majority of patients were between age group 41 - 80 years. Most of the samples were collected from MICU and sputum samples yield was highest. Routine antimicrobial sensitivity of MRSA showed 28.7% to Ciprofloxacin, 37.5% to Gentamycin, 35% to Clindamycin, 27.5% to Erythromycin, 18% to fusidic acid, 8% to Penicillin, 87% to Moxi-floxacin, 0% to Oxacillin, 100% to Vancomycin, Teicoplanin, Linezolid and Teigecycline. MRSA is more prevalent in ICUs patients. Vancomycin, Teicoplanin, Linezolid and Teigecycline are effective antimicrobials. Spread of Vancomycin resistant has not been acknowledged by this study and in neighboring countries like India, Iran and Bangla Desh.

Key words:  MRSA, Nosocomial infection.