Retrospective Study of Leukaemias in Pathology Department of Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore

Abstract

Retrospective study of 215 Leukaemia patients was carried out in the Pathology Department of Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore. This study included both acute and chronic leukaemia. Complete blood counts were done on cell dyne and peripheral blood and bone marrow smears were stained with Giemsa as well as special stains which included Sudan Black B, Periodic-Acid Schiff, estrases to see the types and subtypes of leukaemia. Out of 215 cases of leukaemia, 135(63%) cases were acute leukaemia, 80(37%) of chronic leukaemia. Among Leukaemias, 69(32%) were acute myeloid leukaemìa (AML), 66(30%) were acute lymphoblastic Ieukaemia (ALL), 64(29%) were CML and 16(9%) were chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Peak age incidence in ALL was 21ñ16 years, in AML it was 32±19.2 years, 45±10.5 years in chronic myelocytic leukaemia (CML) and 49±15 years in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). Sex incidence showed male predominance over female in both acute and chronic leukaemias. The ratio is found to be 4:1 ¡n acute Ieukaemia and 2.2:1.2 in chronic leukaemia. The types of AML according to the French, American and British (FAB) classification showed 5(7%) of Ml, 30(43%) of M2, 17(25%) of M3, 12(17%) of M4, 4(6%) of MS, 2(1.5%) of M6 and 1(1.3%) of M7. In ALL, 16 (24%) of Li, 47 (72%) of L2 and 3(4.5%) of L3. Among chronic Ieukaemia, 64(80%) came of CML and 16(20%) of CLL. In CML, 5 1(80%) were in chronic phase and 13(20%) were in blast crises. This study showed that ALL is more common in childhood, AML is more in adult group, CML is more common between 31-50 years and CLL in 50-70 years.