Complications of Streptokinase during infusion in acute myocardial infarction

Abstract

Background: Myocardial infarction is one of the most common causes of death worldwide. The cornerstone of therapy is thrombolytic therapy. Coronary thrombolysis helps restore coronary patency, preserves left ventricular function and improves survival. The most common thrombolytic agent used is streptokinase. But thrombolytic therapy is at times associated with some complications. This comparative study was aimed to find out the complications occurring during streptokinase infusion in patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction in Mayo Hospital, Lahore. Material & Methods: Two hundred patients with definite diagnosis of acute myocardial infraction, who presented to East Medical Ward, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, were included in this study. All patients presenting with AMI were considered for SK therapy. Those who were actually given SK constituted the SK group and those who were not fit for SK, but otherwise SK was indicated, constituted the control group. In SK group 100 patients were given standard t reatment of acute myocardial infarction including streptokinase. In control group 100 patients were given standard treatment of acute myocardial infarction except streptokinase due to non-eligibility. Patients with typical chest pain of at least 30 minutes duration, serial ECG changes and serial cardiac enzyme changes were entered in the study. Study design: Comparative / interventional Results: Post SK changes in blood pressure were significant (p= 0.011). There was post SK hypotension in 48 (24%) and post SK hypertension in 20 (10%) patients. Allergic reaction was present in 4 (2%) only (p=0.044). Arrhythmias were significantly less prominent in SK group (p=0.000). Post SK bleeding occurred in 3 (1.5%) only (p=0.082). 37 patients died (18.5%) in total, out of which 5 (2.55) patients died in SK group and 32 in control group (p=0.000). CVA occurred in 1 SK group patient only, which was found to be hemorrhagic on CT scan (p= 0.31). Conclusions: Early administration of SK lowers in-hospital mortality (p= 0.00 0). Major complications during SK therapy are Hypotension (p= 0.011), Arrhythmias (p= 0.000), Allergic reactions (p= 0.044)